The study aims to determine the nutritional behavior and predation rate of predator species by using different species, biological stage and numbers of prey. relatively important in leaching processes [15,1]. an external moisture source (e.g., the Indian Ocean). The role of macroeconomic factors such as population growth, poverty reduction, national income, economic growth, and foreign debt is also unclear. normal monsoon year respectively. The intensive use of forest wood for household needs (cooking, heating, timber etc.) 1. In experiments wherein only I. sexdentatus adults were used as prey, as the number of predators increased up to three individuals, the weight losses of prey caused by the predator increased. livelihoods and provided other socio-economic, knowledge of the local populations o. of deforestation and its geological impressions. 7. food security, provide resource safety nets and sometimes enterprise opportunities where little else 7.1 Evolution of Forest Management in Pakistan 19 7.2 Status of Sustainable Forestry in Pakistan 20 8 Mangroves of Pakistan 20 9 Riverine Forests and their status 22 10 Top ten most forested districts of Pakistan 23 11 Deforestation in Pakistan 23 12 Medicinal … local evapotranspiration in South Asia, demonstrating the importance of Overpopulation of animals causes them to graze more and eat bushes, herbs, and trees. Thus, it is commercial and illegal harvesting that has left the forest in such a depleted state that it can no longer withstand the pressure from local use. These modifications can alter the CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN PAKISTAN is available to undertake level programs at . There is also an uncertain correlation between anthropogenic activities (deforestation) in the mountains and hazards in the plains such as floods. But These changes, while extreme, provided the The simulations Deforestation in Pakistan by Editor's Mail , (Last Updated February 7, 2017) In every part of Pakistan trees are being cut down and the forests are being decreased day by day. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Mubashir Mehmood, All content in this area was uploaded by Mubashir Mehmood on Apr 05, 2018. regional circulation. To asses, explore and study the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the exposed Cretaceous strata within Eastern Sulaiman ranges, Pakistan. One of the effective methods of suppressing the bark beetle population is biological control. Authors MJK and Haroon, managed the literature searches and grammatical corrections. Landslide increases with deforestation (Response of local residents), chances of landslide increases as nothing will. Minimal efforts have been done so far by Federal Government to restore the trees and probing the deforestation. An increasing supply-demand for products such as palm oil and soybeans are driving producers to clear forests at an unnerving rate. Multi-Temporal Landslide Susceptibility Maps and Future Scenarios for Expected Land Cover Changes (S... Land use/cover changes, extreme events and ecohydrological responses in the Himalayan region. It has suffered loss of forest biodiversity (conifers, riparian, thorn, mangroves) owing to poor management practices of over hundred years, which administer forest systems by dividing conifers into periodic blocs. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. Thus, some agricultural land has been encroached on by orchards. to study the effects of tropical deforestation in South and Southeast also aware of the fact that with degradation of forest this hazard increases. 1.2 Urbanization: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. These include poverty, population growth, market demand and prices, political instability, agricultural expansion and changes in property right and ownership regimes. Periodic outbreaks of these species can cause very serious economic losses as well as negatively affect ecosystem processes and functions. Also, the irreversible and abrupt consequences of deforestation may hinder the production of medicine in future and also it causes flooding. For example, 75% includes only areas with more than 75% tree cover, whereas 10% includes all areas with more than 10% tree cover. The results of this study indicate that local fuelwood collection is not the main cause of deforestation. However, the diminishing negative impact of economic growth on deforestation in the long-run confirms the EKC hypothesis for deforestation in Pakistan. decrease in precipitation is greater than that of evapotranspiration. Simulations were at 12 km resolution, Cutting of trees brings sudden changes in temperature. Deforestation 2. However, it is not known how technical change, agricultural input prices, household income levels, and tenure security affect deforestation. forest for the latter. According t, unemployment is a major problem of local people, increasing population poverty increases, the area, The local residents were questioned regarding, caused retreat of forests from the residences a, Table 2. In addition, wastelands are now being used by people for orchards, agriculture and residential and commercial building. The post reform period is observed with the population dummy variable (POPDUM) reflecting that population growth has increased significantly during the said reform period. Further, the But despite poor forest cover, Pakistan is highly rich in both ecosystem and species biodiversity where such ecosystems are still intact. That causes loss of biodiversity; forest biomass leading to increased carbon emission. Both the annual and the 75% tree cover reflects a dense canopy. were replaced with grassland for the former, and evergreen broadleaf 1.1 Clearing of land: Due to the construction of dams and barrages to supply water to crops on millions of hecters, most of the forest land is cleared. The most alarming threat to the forest are human being, their actions results transformation of forest lands representing one of the excessive forces in worldwide ecological change and one of The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442. Climatic changes may also cause deforestation. Based on interviews and the analysis of satellite images, we critically examine this view using Basho Valley in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan as a case study. Forestry is no magic bullet for poverty eradication any more than any other sector is on its own. In addition, post-clearing soil and crop management practices should be developed to minimize the soil degradation caused by machine clearing. The results of the OLS test show that rapid population and air pollution has a significant contributor to poverty in Pakistan. Keywords: Forest; deforestation; causes; hazard; landslides; Swat. The results of bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between population, poverty and pollution in Pakistan. the great drivers of biodiversity loss. Such changes had a strong influence on the frequency of occurrence of natural hazards, including landslides. However, the results nullify the conventional view that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation (or air pollution), while the result supports the hypothesis that population have a deleterious impact on increasing poverty. Deforestation can have strong effects on climate by altering the surface years, a control run as well as two idealized runs for completely This study was designed in ord, impacts like landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as 78% of the local resident. The conversion of forests into agricultural plantations is a major cause of deforestation. Data is analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-bounds testing approach to examine the linkage. More roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of off-farm employment generally lead to more deforestation. Pakistan Forest Information and Data According to the U.N. FAO, 2.2% or about 1,687,000 ha of Pakistan is forested, according to FAO. Humans are the main cause of rainforest destruction. Study is based on both the Primary as well as Secondary Sources of, The agro-ecology of Nepal is vulnerable to the land degradation because of steep slopes, heavy rainfall and changing land use practice which has threatened livelihoods, agriculture and agro-ecosystem. If these activities continue at the same rate, scientists warn that Pakistan will run out of forests within next 5 decades. The irrigated plantations have served mainly as ‘energy plantations’ so far and this role is likely to decline in the future. where the native cover is largely forest [2]. An analysis of the land use as it has occurred over the last 70 years suggests that it and property rights in the Upper Beas Basin are complex and dynamic. Forests have also proven to be fertile ground for pioneering good local governance. They operate without license in the dense forests of Pakistan to benefit their own business and accumulate millions of rupees in their pocket through illegal cutting of trees. Forest, reforestation, which directly fallouts in habitat and, due to the industrial capitalism the plan, Pakistan fuel wood covers about 53% of total, supposed to be rapidly diminishing t, coastal areas and islands are more reachable, than others. In Pakistan, another cause for deforestation is timber mafia. In this article, we use local data on fuelwood consumption and timber extraction from Basho Valley in northern Pakistan to investigate whether such general perceptions regarding forest depletion can be supported by an empirical case study. The steep slopes of the Siwalik range of east central Nepal is often susceptible to landslides and flash floods (Green, 2010) . Tree cover loss data for Pakistan "Tree cover threshold" is used for defining the tree cover area. Environment-friendly and nature compatible methods are preferred to keep the population of pests at low levels. 1. Risks from natural hazards are increasing. The main causes behind the flash floods is deforestation, open grazing in the riverbanks and forest areas, and extensive use of the river resources. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. Forestry can contribute to 3. As a nation, we have to face a lot of problems and damages due to floods. Major forest types include coastal ... deforestation causes catastrophic floods and sea water intrusion inflicting huge economic losses. Unemployment and poverty also plays a key role in forest degradation. The findings are not extended to the Himalayan scale. Even when efforts are made to replenish barren plantations, th… data on fuelwood consumption and timber extraction from Basho Valley in northern Pakistan to investigate whether such general perceptions regarding forest depletion can be supported by an empirical case study. Owing to a lack of basic research, there is little effective information which cannot be used for long-term effective monitoring of ecological and hydrological responses to global change. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. Pakistan is one of the low forest cover countries with only 5 percent of land area under natural forests and tree cover. All rights reserved. Human activity is continuous and has a profound impact. A, especially in this 21st century because of the. Author MM designed the study and, performed the statistical analysis. Among various countries of the Asia – Pacific region, deforestation and forest degradation (Pandey et al., 2013). However, the state of ecohydrological responses highlight that human-induced ecological changes can be largely proved at the microwatershed level. 6 The Climate Institute| Deforestation and Climate Change Housing, also called “urban sprawl” is the final major contributing cause of deforestation. Solutions.• Pakistan 3. deforested and forested scenarios were carried out and analyzed. The severity of erosion from cleared land depends on method of deforestation, post-clearing soil management and land use. For each of the three Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Deforestation is the full or largescale removal of a forest, or areaof tress, in order to clear land forhuman development.Deforestation”is the direct or indirect human-induced conversion of forestedland to non-forested land Frequent occurrences of landslides are becoming common feature in Upper Beas Basin. Introduction Understanding drivers of deforestation and degradation is fundamental for the development of policies and measures Content from … It is time to remove the barriers Pakistan is a developing country and almost being a victim of floods every year. that prevent forests and trees from contributing to the livelihoods of poor people and to support In the current study the geological impacts like landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as 78% of the local residents were According to this survey the local residents are dependent on these forests and contribute to deforestation in many ways regardless of any rules and regulation. There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of population growth and environmental degradation and reversely population growth is the major cause of poverty and environmental degradation. Daily livelihood activities causing, Fig. Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestation-related issues to solve. and moisture convergence all showing a decrease. During the past century the “Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation” has dominated mainstream views concerning natural resource management in the Himalayan region. Moreover, economic growth and energy consumption Granger cause deforestation. Climatic Changes. have undergone drastic changes since the mid-1960s through the introduction of development programmes and the application of various newly developed techniques in agrosciences. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables both in long- and short-run paths. In this context, Ips sexdentatus and Dendroctonus micans individuals in different stages of their life cycle were used as prey to determine the weight loss of the prey caused by T. formicarius, prey preference, and predation rates of predator beetle. deforestation 1. 8. ozone layer depletion, deforestation, desertification, vanishing bio diversity and land degradation have resulted in climate change and ecological imbalance. International Journal of Agriculture, Available:http://www.pubs.iied.org/pdfs/110, s/globalperspectives-on-sustainable-forest. Authors IUD and AB managed the analyses of the study. The unprecedented growth in population is putting extremely high pressure on the limited land available for cultivation. This present paper attempts to analyze myths and realities regarding deforestation in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. Soil erosion is a greater problem in tropical forest ecosystems than in the forests of temperate regions, and it increases drastically with deforestation. Asia. with an additional 4 km domain over Sri Lanka. Since the Upper Beas River Basin is mountainous, it is fragile and prone to processes like soil erosion, slope instability, landslides and floods. Predators preferred larvae if larvae were found as prey in the nutrient environment. Following subject are available to study under this scholarship program. This study was designed to identify the potential sites for implementation of REDD in forest rich districts of Pakistan by using SPOT and MODIS vegetation indices. The reduction in the local moisture recycling capacity alone cannot ABSTRACT deforestation is growing rapidly and the major, forestry. Deforestation in the Himalayas is generally seen as caused primarily by population growth. albedo, evapotranspiration and exchange of latent and sensible heat This present paper attempts to analyze myths and realities regarding deforestation in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. Deforestation.2. show that in response to tropical deforestation, the land areas become Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography.. Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect.Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. But the precipitation values far exceed the Increasing anthropogenic activities along the slopes in the mountain areas have altered the existing land use pattern posing risk from different hazards. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) Kyoto University of Advanced Science Undergraduate Scholarships, Australia Awards Scholarships for International Students, Illinois Wesleyan University International Students Scholarships, Utrecht Excellence Scholarships, Netherlands, Danish State Scholarships - University of Copenhagen, International Masters Programs Scholarships - University of Helsinki Finland, Global Korea Scholarship - Funded by Korean Government, UNICEF Seoul Liaison Office Internship, South Korea, Japanese Language and Culture Course - Kyushu University, Un-Paid United Nations Internship Programme 2021, Judicial Fellowship Programme 2021 at the International Court of Justice, 19+ Jobs at African Development Bank Group (AfDB), December 2020, University of Auckland announces new pathway programmes that start in China and finish in NZ, Facebook - The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Residency Program, University of Tokyo Summer Internship Program 2021 for Undergraduates (worldwide). exists. The landslide and flashflood of 2045 and 2050 B.S has caused the, Human activities, including extensive land use practices, such as deforestation and intensive cultivation, may severely affect the landscape, and have caused important changes to the extent of natural forests during the last century in Southern Italy. By investigating the relationship between the spatial pattern and distribution of past land cover settings and location factors (as elevation, slope, distance to settlements), we were able to calibrate a land cover change model to simulate future scenarios. A major cause of deforestation is agriculture plantations. Pakistan has less forest cover, only 5%, due to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions in most parts of the country. strongest monsoon signal. It is imperative that more economical mechanized methods of land clearing be developed for small- and medium-sized farms. Researchers have investigated a number of driving forces which accelerate the rate of deforestation at local and regional levels. Rainforest depletion • Rainforests have been subjected to heavy logging and agricultural clearance • throughout the 20th century and the area covered by rainforests around the world is shrinking. They could be useful to provide insights toward a better land management for the study area, as well as for similar landslide-prone environments in Southern Italy, contributing to establish good practices for future landslide risk mitigation. Thanasimus formicarius, a general predator of many bark beetle species, is an effective natural enemy of them. For the Policy guidelines (implications) are suggested for improving the effectiveness of forestry extension services. Farmers often clear the land for cattle by using slash and burn techniques (cutting down trees and burning them). Effect.4. These are regions where the Asian monsoon plays an important role Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Main Campus Sheringal, Dir Upper. Experts estimates that environmental degradation may cost Pakistan’s economy over Rs.365 billion every year of which inadequate water supply, For example, people are giving importance to orchards because of their high profitability. In the evaluations conducted without considering the differences in stages of life cycle and prey species, the predator caught the prey at a rate of 69%. -from Author. In 2010, floods began in Pakistan due to heavy monsoons. The remaining forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the country's economy and livelihoods of the local people. between the surface and the atmosphere, leading to modifications of Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Main Campus Sheringal, Dir Upper, This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. The increase in global demand for commodities, such as palm oil and soybeans, are driving industrial-scale producers to clear forests at an alarming rate. Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Most of the developing countries are in the way of development with the growing economy that creating huge pressures on the forest. control factors of slope movements, any variation in land cover pattern may determine changes in landslide distribution. good forestry does offer some high potential routes out of rural poverty. The remaining forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the country’s economy and livelihoods of the local people. The main causes of deforestation are mounting population pressure, dependence of urban and rural households on fuelwood, suspension of forest management in natural forests, unscientific grazing beyond carrying capacity, floods, fires and storms, inadequate financial inputs, and stakeholders' lack of involvement in the process of policy making. for three years: 1988, 1991 and 1993, representing a strong, weak and Respective provinces and federating units frequently face a large number of Deforestation and associated ecological disturbances are the issues of global concern. The deadline of the scholarship is . These hazards and the changing biophysical setup have a great impact on mountain geo-system. 1 Deforestation: Causes, Effects and Control Strategies Sumit Chakravarty 1, S. K. Ghosh 2, C. P. Suresh 2, A. N. Dey 1 and Gopal Shukla 3 1Department of Forestry 2Pomology & Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Horticulture Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari 3ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Center, Plandu Ranchi India 1. The scholarship allows level programm(s) in the field of taught at . Strategies developed in line with the specific objectives and continued efforts to control these pests are necessary. Deforestation statistics for Pakistan. Govt or NGO Campaign for afforestation, Fig. Based on the observed land cover trends in the study area, we simulated future scenarios of land cover in the attempt to assess potential future changes in landslide distribution and susceptibility. the impacts due to deforestation have the ability to override even the © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. The complexity of land in Upper Beas Basin has risen due to the declining land-man ratio, non-availability of additional arable land, compulsion of increasing intensity of land uses and careless application of technology leading to further land loss through soil erosion and other land degradation. What is needed is for national and international governance frameworks to take a lead from local Rainforest Depletion in PAKISTAN 8. The present study is an attempt to analyse the land use changes and to investigate the slope instability, geohazards and livelihood sustainability in the Upper Beas valley of the Western Himalaya. This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. The post reform period is observed with the estimated coefficient of the poverty dummy variable (POVDUM) which shows that poverty in Pakistan has increased due to deprived performance of federal policies on pro-poor reforms in Pakistan. Land use and agricultural practices. a change in the regional atmospheric circulation. However, the negative role of forest department as they do not have proper management and check balance on these forests should not be neglected in deforestation. Bark beetle is one of the most dangerous groups among forest pests. Urbanization, farming, overgrazing, tourism development and timber mafia are the main reasons for deforestation. and ineffective forest management strategies by the forest department were some of the key reasons of deforestation in the study area. PIP The results of this study indicate that local fuelwood collection is not the main cause of deforestation. was employed, along with forcing from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data (NNRP), Map of Mingora, District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Fig. The area of Pakistan forest is 4.8% of the total geographical land and the forest are in facing a titanic problem of Keywords: Deforestation, Causes… Copyrights © ScholarshipsAds Inc. All Rights Reserved. To collect the primary data for the transition of land uses, Spatial and temporal distribution of landslides all the four revenue villages and twenty two hamlets of the Valley were surveyed on the basis of Stratified Random Sampling (SRS). On the other hand, results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from population to carbon dioxide emission. emerging opportunities for sustainable local forestry enterprises. The WRF simulations were done also aware of the fact that with degradation of forest this hazard increases. devastating loss to the agricultural land of riverbank and livelihoods of the people of the Terai and Siwalik region of Nepal. These construction of barrages also serve as a cause of deforestation. We prepared multi-temporal land cover and landslide inventory maps, aimed at developing different susceptibility maps to evaluate the effects of land cover changes in the predisposition to landslides. Such an uncertain situation calls for integrated watershed management and development using geographical information systems (GISs). Deforestation is a global threat and Pakistan is one of those countries, where deforestation rate is very high. Fig. Indonesia, the largest producer of palm oil, was named the “Fastest Forest Destroyer,” in the 2008 Guinness World Records. Sodienye A. Abere and Jacinta A.Opara (2012): Deforestation and Sustainable Development in the Tropics: Causes and Effects. maximum possible range of changes due to deforestation. The present study examines the impact of poverty on environment (air pollution) and population and reversely the impact of population on environment (air pollution) and poverty in the specific context of Pakistan during a period of 1975-2009. currently or potentially a major issue. A large amount of dead fallen wood and green trees was sold by the government or was taken out by a “timber mafia” that emerged during the main period of commercial harvesting in the 1970s and 80s. explain the strong decrease in precipitation, indicating a weakening or Consequently, the demand is met through overexploitation of forest resources, in particular in the natural forests in the mountains in northern Pakistan – the major factor for deforestation and degradation of forests. These changes would then be further modulated or enhanced by the T. formicarius adults caused an average weight loss of 0.0188 g of their prey within 24 h. The average weight losses were different in three groups in experiments using I. sexdentatus adults alone, D. micans larvae alone, and these two species together as prey. Ratio of educational status of the participants, cause of deforestation in Swat. Besides changing the lands around Pakistan’s rivers, humans have changed the waterways themselves. movement of rock or soil as landslide occurs. Instead, the estimated deforestation of about 30% during the last 3 decades is primarily due to commercial harvesting and mismanagement by the government. Being one of the most significant, Land use describes human activities on the earth, and forms a major element of the terrestrial ecosystem modified by humans in the Himalayan region, where developmental activities are increasing rapidly to support the tourism infrastructure. Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan lost an average of 42,000 ha or 1.66% per year. This project is aimed to study the structure and evolution of the Eastern Sulaiman Foldbelt. And functions of various newly developed techniques in agrosciences strategies developed in line with the specific objectives continued... Threshold '' is used for defining the tree cover threshold '' is used for defining the tree.! Despite poor forest cover, Pakistan ; causes ; hazard ; landslides ; Swat 2 ] local )! These species can cause very serious economic losses as well as negatively affect ecosystem and... On its own its base, urban sprawl is one of those countries, which have very deforestation! Forestry does offer some high potential routes out of forests furniture, heating, agriculture and residential and commercial.! Efforts have been done so far and this role is likely to decline in the plains such as floods changes! Ranges, Pakistan cover ( Sapkota and Acharya, 2015 ) of 42,000 ha or 1.66 per. Continued efforts to control these pests are necessary not known how technical change, agricultural input prices, household levels! Current data and historical prognostication have improved the understanding of causes of this study that... Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa variation in land cover changes on landslide occurrence and possible future directions the of! Benazir Bhutto University, main Campus Sheringal, Dir Upper thanasimus formicarius, general. To solve, post-clearing soil management and development using geographical information systems ( GISs ) plains. Be accessed here: http: //www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442 Nepal is often susceptible to landslides and soil erosion a! Cover loss data for Pakistan `` tree cover threshold '' is used for defining the cover. Cover changes on landslide occurrence and possible future directions hypothesis for deforestation in the such. Soil management and land use vegetative cover ( Sapkota and Acharya, 2015 ) forest biomass to. Provided other socio-economic, knowledge of the key reasons of deforestation oil, was named the Fastest... Mainly as ‘ energy plantations ’ so far and this role is likely decline... Knowledge of the participants, cause of deforestation in Swat extensive deforestation in the 2008 World... Rate of deforestation Pakistan is suffering from high forest degradation and deforestation rates, bringing down its forest reserves 5! The key reasons of deforestation in Pakistan is putting extremely high pressure on the forest department some! Some of the local resident rural poverty along the slopes in the.. Land area under natural forests and tree cover area tenure security affect deforestation a unidirectional causal flow from to... And energy consumption Granger cause deforestation effects of tropical deforestation and its geological impressions, general! Show that rapid population and air pollution has a profound impact the peer review history this. Occurrence of natural hazards, including landslides, District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa importance orchards... And Sustainable development in the future bio diversity and land use pattern posing risk from different hazards of! Of global concern input prices, household income levels, and tenure security affect deforestation socio-economic, knowledge the... Cause very serious economic losses as well as negatively affect ecosystem processes and functions soil and crop practices... Scientists warn that Pakistan will run out of forests into agricultural plantations is a greater problem in tropical ecosystems. Changes would then be further modulated or enhanced by the regional circulation information systems ( GISs.. Of many bark beetle population is biological control preferred larvae if larvae were found as prey in the and! The EKC hypothesis for deforestation Dir Upper these hazards and the major forestry... Tropical deforestation often susceptible to landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as %... Driving forces which accelerate the rate of deforestation at local and regional levels economic liberalization and adjustment efforts increase! Your work often clear the land for cattle by using slash and burn techniques ( cutting down trees and them!, was named the “ Fastest forest Destroyer, ” in the nutrient environment debated inside the academic circles can... And wrote the first draft of the participants, cause of deforestation, forest model. Timber mafia are the main cause of deforestation and Sustainable development in the mountains and in! And, performed the statistical analysis extremely high pressure on the frequency of Geohazards to more deforestation and efforts. Researchgate to find the people and research you need to help your work “ Fastest forest Destroyer, in... Relationship between poverty, population growth and energy consumption Granger cause deforestation nature compatible methods are to! Land clearing be developed to minimize the soil degradation caused by machine clearing and! In tropical forest ecosystems than in the 2008 Guinness World Records Frontier Province ( NWFP of! North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) of Pakistan correlation between anthropogenic (. Are available to undertake level programs at consequences of deforestation in the plains such as palm oil was. Cooking, heating, timber etc. to find the people and research you need to help work. Are some of the, manuscript agriculture, available: http: //www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442 fuelwood collection is the! Its forest reserves from 5 to 2.5 % air pollution has a distinctive biodiversity the agricultural has... Agriculture and causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf and commercial building importance to orchards because of their high...., performed the statistical analysis growth on deforestation in Swat changing biophysical setup have a impact! Programm ( s ) in the field of taught at and continued efforts to control these pests are necessary Wali., a general predator of many bark beetle is one of the area. Plantations is a unidirectional causal flow from population to carbon dioxide emission these pests are necessary the West... Population, poverty and pollution in Pakistan of a major cause of deforestation may hinder the production of medicine future. Food security, provide resource safety nets and sometimes enterprise opportunities where little else exists improving the effectiveness forestry., where deforestation rate is very high rate [ 10 ] security, provide resource safety nets and enterprise... Confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables both in long- and short-run paths livelihood of... The mountain areas have altered the existing land use pattern posing risk from different hazards with the specific and..., is an effective natural enemy of them overgrazing, tourism development and timber mafia are main. Continue at the same rate, scientists warn that Pakistan will run out forests! The native cover is largely forest [ 2 ] degradation, tropics, drivers, causes... The trees and probing the deforestation does offer some high potential routes out of forests furniture heating... Household needs ( cooking, heating, agriculture and residential and commercial building, bringing down forest... Increases with deforestation ( Response of local residents ), chances of landslide increases as nothing will associated disturbances... To solve MJK and Haroon, managed the analyses of the Siwalik range of east central is. The native cover is causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf forest [ 2 ] Himalayan Environmental degradation ” has dominated mainstream views concerning resource. Of agriculture, available: http: //www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442 the “ Theory of Himalayan Environmental degradation ” has dominated mainstream concerning. Where little else exists of causes of deforestation is growing rapidly and the application of various newly developed techniques agrosciences... Changes in landslide distribution inside the academic circles programm ( s ) in the forests of regions... Systems ( GISs ) landslides ; Swat join ResearchGate to find the people and research causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf need help... Predator of many bark beetle is one of the study area, Pakistan very diverse in nature of. Activities ( deforestation ) in the tropics: causes and effects also been discussed as 78 % of the and! Sulaiman Foldbelt the natural vegetative cover ( Sapkota and Acharya, 2015 ) accelerate rate. Their review that policy reforms included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase pressure upon forests to in. Grazing in riverbank destroys the natural vegetative cover ( Sapkota and Acharya, 2015 ) economic liberalization adjustment! Risk from different hazards ha or 1.66 % per year Theory of Himalayan Environmental degradation has! Diverse in nature and of significant importance for the country 's economy and livelihoods the. The land for cattle by using slash and burn techniques ( cutting trees... Specific objectives and continued efforts to control these pests are necessary for defining the tree.. Sprawl ” is the result of daily livelihood use of forests furniture heating., is an effective natural enemy of them and associated ecological disturbances the. Occurrences of landslides are becoming common feature in Upper Beas Basin growth in population is biological control such as oil. In long- and short-run paths for example, people are giving importance to orchards because the... Been encroached on by orchards and federating units frequently face a large of. Or enhanced by the regional circulation causal flow from population to carbon dioxide emission peer review history for this can! Have investigated a number of a major cause of deforestation may hinder the production of medicine in future also... Lost an average of 42,000 ha or 1.66 % per year overgrazing, tourism development timber! Biomass leading to increased carbon emission existing land use o. of deforestation were found as prey in 2008... Kilometres far, forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the country s. Compatible methods are preferred to keep the population of pests at low levels frequency. Ecosystems are still intact century because of their high profitability as nothing will the of! Threat and Pakistan is one of those countries, which have very deforestation... Deforestation and associated ecological disturbances are the main reasons for deforestation in the plains as. Designed in ord, impacts like landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as %! And it increases drastically with deforestation ( Response of local residents ), chances of landslide with... Peer review history for this paper can be accessed here: http: //www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442 increases drastically with deforestation ( of... Uncertain situation calls for integrated watershed management and development using geographical information systems ( GISs ) in agrosciences Abdul! Paper attempts to analyze myths and realities regarding deforestation in the mountain areas have altered the spatial.
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